This research develops the emerging social psychological study of human rights claims in response to perceived injustice. The assertion of unique subgroup rights seems psychologically-different to claims of individual rights that can be held by all humans. Preferences for use of particular human rights claims were studied by presenting participants with scenarios suggestive of human rights violations: possible violations of privacy rights, civil and political rights under mandatory sentencing schemes, refugee rights and reproductive rights of lesbians and single women seeking access to assisted reproductive technology. The research drew on real Australian policy debates. Quantitative and qualitative data from five studies reveal, even amongst activists, a preference for an equality-driven construal of the purpose of human rights law: that all Australians be treated equally regardless of subgroup membership, in contrast to the belief that the purpose of human rights law is to protect...