Almost all ecological and conservation work involves carrying out a census or survey. This new edition of the best-selling "Ecological Census Techniques" covers everything you need to know in order to plan and carry out a census, and to analyse the resulting data. Completely updated, the new edition incorporates two new chapters and additional expert contributions. An essential reference for anyone involved in ecological research, the book begins by describing planning, sampling and the basic theory necessary for carrying out a census and, in the following chapters, international experts describe the appropriate methods for counting plants, insects, fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals and birds. In addition, there is a chapter explaining the main methods of measuring environmental variability, and a list of the most common "censusing sins" provides a light-hearted guide to avoiding errors.